Financial and Non-Financial Obstacles to Innovation: Empirical Evidence at the Firm Level in the MENA Region

نویسندگان

چکیده

Innovation, in all its forms, has become a central activity companies. Moreover, innovation is considered as the engine of growth several countries. The main objective this paper to study determinants (product and process) firms Middle East North Africa (MENA) region via concentrating on impact financial non-financial obstacles. empirical refers row data collected by World Bank’s Survey Enterprises (WBES) between 2013 2020 10 MENA results probit model estimation show that international quality certification, women’s participation ownership, investment research development (R&D) have positive types innovation. Nevertheless, small firms, sole proprietorships, managed women are found be less innovative. problem endogeneity obstacles controlled thanks use instrumental regression method (IV-probit). confirm variable measuring endogenous, it impacts negatively. IV-probit related business environment which negatively affect are: licensing permits, corruption, access electricity, labor regulations, political instability, practices competitors informal sector.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of open innovation

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2199-8531']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010028